Tech Article 10/10

Curing Blindess With Lasers

• Of over 250 million people suffering visual impairment around the world, four in five cases are preventable or curable.
• Blindness a key priority of the WHO, and a growth area for treatment. An expected 32 million cataract operations will take place in 2020, up from 12 million in 2000.
• Leading the charge is Dr. Josef Bille, the pioneering scientist who invented eye surgery using laser.
  
• Bille has gained dozens of patents and launched multiple companies that have together provided the majority of the 280 million laser surgeries carried out in the world to date.
• "There shouldn't be any blind person ten years from now in the world," says Bille.
• Key to his ambition are femtosecond lasers; ultra-short and focused beams of light that efficiently target the bumps and film of a cataract without any cutting that can cause collateral damage or complications in the healing process.
• The lasers are precise enough to pinpoint individual molecules and subtly adjust their focus while leaving healthy material alone. Numerous tests have proved they offer significant safety advantages over existing best practice.
• "It's a treatment which can make every eye perfect," says Bille. "We call it perfect vision, it is twice as good as normal vision, so you see twice as fine detail at much better contrast... Five times better contrast vision at dim lighting conditions, rain or in foggy areas."
• Perfect Lens, a Californian company that Bille works with, has adapted the cut-free process to plastic for advanced contact lenses, and the scientist expects it to make the jump to "in vivo" - in a living human - within a few years. Technolas, another of his clients, in one of the few companies to offer the femtosecond service.
• But Bille's assault on blindness is on several fronts. Development of another of his inventions, "wavefront" scanning, provides a map of the retinas of each patient so that surgeons can tailor their procedure.
• "There are first signs of deterioration of the functioning of proteins inside the cells twenty years before onset of any detectable micro-morphomatic change in the eye, so we have to look at the 50-year-old patient, and then if you detect it early you can set treatment which interferes with the metabolism of the cell. 

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